Air gapped12/28/2023 “Unfortunately, threat groups have managed to find sneaky ways to target these systems. They have revisited each framework known to date, comparing them side by side in an exhaustive study that reveals several major similarities, even within those produced 15 years apart. Using the knowledge made public by more than 10 different organizations over the years, and some ad hoc analysis to clarify or confirm some technical details, researchers put the frameworks in perspective to see what history could teach cybersecurity professionals and, to a certain extent, even the wider public about improving air-gapped network security and our abilities to detect and mitigate future attacks. The challenges of discovering and analyzing this type of frameworkĭiscovering and analyzing this type of framework poses unique challenges as sometimes there are multiple components that all have to be analyzed together in order to have the complete picture of how the attacks are really being carried out. In the first half of 2020 alone, four previously unknown malicious frameworks designed to breach air-gapped networks emerged, bringing the total number to 17. Ultimately, if an air-gapped system is infiltrated, these threat actors can intercept confidential data in order to spy on countries and organizations. APT groups are typically sponsored by or part of nation-state efforts. Naturally, systems that run critical infrastructure are of high interest to numerous attackers, including any and all APT groups. This technique can help protect the most sensitive of networks: industrial control systems (ICS) running pipelines and power grids, voting systems, and SCADA systems operating nuclear centrifuges, just to name a few. An air-gapped network is one that is physically isolated from any other network in order to increase its security. ESET researchers present their analysis of all malicious frameworks used to attack air-gapped networks known to date.
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